Hormonal changes, medications, or certain health conditions can cause gynecomastia.

Diagnosis involves a physical examination, review of medical history of the patient, and sometimes scanning or blood tests.

Losing weight may improve the appearance of gynecomastia caused by excess fat, but it might not eliminate glandular tissue. In such cases, surgery is the only option.

Drug induced gynecomastia can be reversed by stopping the culprit medicine.

If gynecomastia does not reduce on its own, causes pain, or is accompanied by other symptoms, it is advisable to consult a doctor. Cosmetic deformity or peer pressure are usual reasons to see a doctor especially in young age.

Liposuction with or without gland excision is the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gynecomastia. Very large breasts with skin excess may require mastectomy in very rare cases.

The potential risks are bruising, bleeding, hematoma, infection, and numbness over chest wall.

Usually bruising, pain and discomfort settle in 4-5 days. Patient may have to wear compression garments for few weeks.

Scarring is minimal, and the surgeon aims to place incisions discreetly. Over time, scars usually fade.

Gynecomastia recurrence is rare after surgery, but maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help prevent it.